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Computer viruses are nasty little programs that are designed to lay waste to your computer. Some destroy files stored on your PC, while some trigger different software to malfunction. More nefarious viruses steal your confidential information and some even go to an extent to rig a system’s power load and cause it to catch fire. Some nasty little things these viruses are! So, the more you know about viruses and how they work, the more prepared you will find yourself when they come knocking. And with that thought, here are 5 computer viruses every PC user should know about.
1. Polymorphic Virus
‘Nasty’ is underrated when we talk about this virus family. When a polymorphic virus infects a computer, before it starts multiplying it creates copies of itself with every copy slightly different from one another. And because this virus is capable of creating such duplicates constantly, it can be difficult for antivirus programs to detect it.
Danger Meter
2. Resident Virus
A resident virus is different from a non-resident virus in the way it functions. A non-resident virus needs to be executed first, before it begins its infection. However, a resident virus can activate itself whenever the operating system loads. It is able to do this because it stores and hides within the memory of the infected computer, which is why it is difficult to get rid of such viruses.
Danger Meter
3. Boot Sector Virus
First, let’s understand what is a boot sector – it is a section on a computer’s hard drive or an external storage media. This section contains information which is required to boot a computer. A boot sector virus infects part of this boot sector called the master boot record (MBR) and replaces legitimate information with its own infected version. The virus gets activated before the operating system loads and it may make the infected computer unbootable.
Danger Meter
4. Multipartite Virus
While other viruses attack one component of a computer at a time, a multipartite virus attacks two. This virus can infect both the boot sector and the system or program files at the same time. This triggers infections at multiple sections in the computer – just like multiple bombs detonating at various places at the same time. Because of this dual infection approach, the multipartite virus can re-infect the same system over and over again until all its components are completely eradicated.
Danger Meter
5. Overwriting Virus
True to its name, an overwriting virus destroys the file it infects. It does this by overwriting data in the system’s memory. The virus can be removed only by deleting the infected file. Often, cleaning an overwriting virus means losing the infected programs and reinstalling them.
Danger Meter
What we have described here about these 5 computer viruses is just one tiny aspect of what they do. Details on how viruses and malware function might not be easily comprehended by everyday users. But the main message here is that such malicious programs can turn your digital devices against you. And the only way you can defeat them is by educating yourself on cybersecurity and using a multilayered security solution that can stand between these threats and your computer.
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Need to hide your web activity from prying eyes? Are you blocked from accessing the websites you need, by your school, office, or government? Proxies allow you to bypass blocks placed on your connection and mask your IP, making your actions more difficult to trace. Once you find a proxy server that you want to connect to, you simply need to enter that information into your web browser. Read this guide to find out how
There is Five Types Of Proxy
1. Manual Method.
2.Extension Based
3.Tool Based
4.Browser Based
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the responond of this method is slow
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1.Click the Chrome menu button. This is located at the top-right corner of the Chrome window, and looks like three horizontal bars.
2.Select Settings. This will open a new tab in your browser. Click the “Show advanced settings…” link at the bottom of the page.
3.Click the “Change proxy settings” button. This is located in the Network section of the advanced settings. Clicking the button will open the Internet Properties window.
Note: Changing Chrome’s proxy settings is tied to your operating system, and as such will affect all of your programs that are connected to the internet. If you don’t want to change these settings, you will need to download a Chrome extension such as ProxySwitchSharp or Proxy Helper.
4.Click the “LAN settings” button. This will open another new window. Check the box in the “Proxy server” section, and uncheck the “Automatically detect settings” box
5.Enter your proxy information. Enter in the IP address or domain as well as the port you are connecting to. Click OK when you are finished.
When you are done using your proxy and want to go back to your direct connection, open the LAN settings again, recheck the “Automatically detect settings” box and uncheck the box in the “Proxy server” section.
These can turn up anywhere, but generally you’ll find them on download sites. Whether legitimate or otherwise, you can guarantee there will be a download button that isn’t the one you want to click. The result can be that you downloaded something you don’t want — possibly malware, although often simply bad software.As you’ve no doubt spotted, this is a dirty trick. You can beat the scammers with this approach, however. Simply exercise caution when clicking links and buttons. Think twice and consider the following:
Is this a site you’ve used before?
Do you trust it?
Have you checked the browser status bar to confirm the link destination?
Does the button text and font match the rest of the site?
If you have doubts about any of these questions, then you should avoid the site, and certainly don’t download anything from it. Scammers can use all manner of coding tricks to entice you into making a dangerous mistake. Take your time and trust your instincts.
If you’re still not sure, check whether the site is considered trustworthy or not. Norton Safe Web, is a good option, although this is also a good reason to install an online security suite as many offer this functionality to your browser. Google also offers a Transparency Report for identifying bad websites.
2. Use a Secure Browser
An old copy of internet Explorer is just not good enough these days. Come to think of it, an old version of any browser cannot be considered secure. These apps are updated regularly by their developers for many reasons, mostly to maintain and improve security.
Online shopping, online banking, social networking — they all have their risks, and the last thing you want it a browser harboring some dangerous software that records your keystrokes or hijacks a secure link to your bank account.You certainly should not be using Internet Explorer at all. This browser is broken and all-but-abandoned by Microsoft. Steer clear! Hackers still profit from targeting the browser, and you can do yourself a favor by choosing something else (something more secure, faster, and easier to use) to browse the web.
Even if you’re running Google Chrome on an old Windows XP PC (and you really shouldn’t be), you’re not secure because the underlying operating system is not secure enough to handle modern malicious software. Windows XP was launched in 2001.
Think about it.
3. Hang Up on Cold-Calling Tech Support Agents
These people are poison.
In the UK and North America, there has been an epidemic of scam telephone calls from people claiming to be from “Windows technical support” or some close variations. Before we continue, understand this:
Microsoft won’t call you out of the blue to fix your PC!
Variations on this are claims that the caller is from your ISP, or mobile phone provider. Their aim is to get you to find “proof” of an issue on your machine, then download a piece of software that affords the caller — who is a scam artist, pure and simple — control of your PC. From then on, they have the opportunity to install keyloggers, backdoors, and other tools that might be used to steal information from you.
Nice, eh? We’ve looked at the anatomy of a Windows tech support scam before, so check out that post if you want to be better prepared.The defense here is to refuse to talk to anyone claiming to be from Microsoft. Just hang up. Certainly, don’t let them walk you through the “checks” and download the “fix”. And don’t keep them talking, as this doesn’t really seem to help (the idea is nice, keeping them away from other people, but in truth, there are so many of these scammers at work that it makes no difference). Also, they tend to become unreasonable, and make threats.
4. Ignore Security-Themed Pop-Up Adverts
This can be tricky to spot, as often pop-up adverts can appear from the bottom-right corner of your screen from any currently-running anti-virus software installed on your system. Frustratingly, this also happens with paid solutions, not just free ones.
If the pop-up seems to originate from your browser — you can check this by completely closing it — you should ignore this. In fact, any and all security messages that did not occur during a scan that you recently initiated should be ignored. For instance, your anti-virus software will have a “scan” button. Didn’t press it? Then ignore the message.
There’s a bad side to all of this, however. If you see anti-virus messages on your computer and haven’t installed any anti-virus software, then your system is infected. Time to take steps to remove the infection!
5. Avoid Public Torrent Sites
You may not realise this, but there are two types of torrent sites: public and private. While both can be accessed through a browser, the latter usually requires you to create an account and manage your ratio.
The idea here is that you upload as much (or more) than you download, or else be banned from the site. Private trackers can be difficult to join, as they don’t often accept new account registrations. It’s not too hard to find ones that are open, however.
And yes, it’s usually illegal, but there are many legitimate uses for Bittorrent.
With public torrent sites, you’re risking malware infections not just from the dodgy adverts, but also from the torrents being fake, or bundling worms, viruses, Trojans and other malicious software in with the file you think you’re downloading.All torrent sites worth their salt offer a commenting system where other users can share their experiences of the downloaded file. Always check these before committing to a download.
6. Delete Media Files Requiring Fake Codecs
Media from torrent sites can often be fake, and you probably won’t know until it has downloaded. Usually a video file (but it might be audio or even a game), these fakes can be difficult to detect until they’re run.
At this point, your media player will display a message advising that the file cannot play or requires a specific player. So, did you download a genuine movie? The way to find out is to try and play it in the popular and feature-packed VLC Player. With every current video and audio codec built in, if the file won’t play with this, it’s not a genuine media file.
Delete it now. And stop downloading dodgy stuff!
7. Don’t Open Email Attachments Forwarded to You
Emails are a well-known attack vector for worms and viruses. Of my two virus infections, the first was a worm sent as an email attachment from my father. The executable file presented some pretty firework graphics on the monitor. This was the Happy99 worm, described as “the first modern worm” and “the first virus to spread rapidly by email”. One million people downloaded the subsequent fix, which removed the self-replicating malware.While this worm is now virtually obsolete, other malware can spread via email. Then you’ve got the spoof emails, phishing attempts that try to either con you into entering your personal information on a fake website, or download a piece of malware (or both).
If you’re using a webmail solution such as Outlook.com or Gmail, you have an advantage over malicious attachments. For desktop email clients, make sure you take full advantage of the tools on offer. Don’t preview emails, and make sure you operate a white list of approved senders. Avoid opening emails sent to large groups of people, too.
While you might not want to install an antivirus tool, if you’re not using webmail, it’s a good ideal to use a paid email scanning tool.
8. Only Download Apps From Developers
As we’ve seen, download sites are a big pain. Tricky to navigate with fake “Download” links on them, it’s easy to be fooled into downloading something you don’t want.
That’s if you’re even on a reputable site. It gets trickier with the cynical sites serving malware-infested downloads. So if you’re downloading software that you want to use — perhaps free office software, audio editors, video editors, chat clients, or anything like that — head to the developer’s website.This is almost certainly the only way you’ll get the most up-to-date version of the app in question, and the safest, too. If your operating system offers an app store (most do these days on desktop and mobile) then also check that for the app you want to use.
But forget about app download sites. They’ve had their day.
9. Don’t Use Your PC’s Admin Account
Whatever operating system you use, make sure you’re not logging in with the administrator account. Further, make sure your family members aren’t either. Sure, you’ll need an admin account for various tasks, but no one needs it to be their daily account.Really, it’s asking for trouble, allowing software, malicious or otherwise, to make permanent changes to your computer.
Instead, create user accounts for yourself and family members. These accounts should feature limited privileges that protect the system from malicious software and over-enthusiastic clicking. With Windows 8 and later, admin accounts have been overhauled, so take a look at our guide. You should also look at our tips for managing Windows user accounts.
10. Scan All New Files and Disks
Finally, think about the devices you’re connecting to your PC. New data that you’ve downloaded, discs you’ve inserted, phones you’ve connected and flash storage devices you have inserted could all pose problems. If these devices are set to autorun when media is inserted, malware can quickly grab a foothold.With anti-virus software installed, it’s possible to scan all files that you access via disk. You can also use online virus and malware scanners to check the files. Windows 8 and later will also allow you to prevent autorun, which can prove particularly useful.As bleeding edge as it might be to run your PC without any antivirus software, in this day and age, with threats from keyloggers, backdoors and ransomware, it’s a good idea to use a full-blown security suite.
MD5 is an algorithm that is used to verify data integrity through the creation of a 128-bit message digest from data input (which may be a message of any length) that is claimed to be as unique to that specific data as a fingerprint is to the specific individual. MD5, which was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest of MIT, is intended for use with digital signature applications, which require that large files must be compressed by a secure method before being encrypted with a secret key, under a public keycryptosystem. MD5 is currently a standard, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 1321. According to the standard, it is "computationally infeasible" that any two messages that have been input to the MD5 algorithm could have as the output the same message digest, or that a false message could be created through apprehension of the message digest. MD5 is the third message digest algorithm created by Rivest. All three (the others are MD2 and MD4) have similar structures, but MD2 was optimized for 8-bit machines, in comparison with the two later formulas, which are optimized for 32-bit machines. The MD5 algorithm is an extension of MD4, which the critical review found to be fast, but possibly not absolutely secure. In comparison, MD5 is not quite as fast as the MD4 algorithm, but offers much more assurance of data security.
In the SAM, each user account can be assigned a local area network (LAN) password and a Windows password. Both are encrypted. If someone attempts to log on to the system and the user name and associated passwords match an entry in the SAM, a sequence of events takes place ultimately allowing that person access to the system. If the user name or passwords do not properly match any entry in the SAM, an error message is returned requesting that the information be entered again.
In personal computers (PCs) not connected into a LAN and for which there is only one user, Windows asks for only one password when the system is booted up. This function can be disabled if the user does not want to enter authentication data every time the computer is switched on or restarted. The main purpose of the SAM in a PC environment is to make it difficult for a thief to access the data on a stolen machine. It can also provide some measure of security against online hackers.
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